The Energy Transition in Martinique

Martinique’s energy transition is closely tied to France’s national decarbonisation strategy and the European Union’s climate goals, as the island is an overseas department of France. The current energy mix remains reliant on imported fossil fuels, though renewable energy sources, particularly solar PV, biomass, and wind are playing an increasing role. The Multi-Year Energy Programme (Programmation Pluriannuelle de l'Énergie, PPE) for Martinique sets out targets to achieve 50% renewable electricity generation by 2030, focusing on solar expansion, biomass cogeneration, and energy storage to stabilise the grid and reduce diesel dependency. Martinique benefits from EU funding mechanisms and French climate initiatives, which support renewable infrastructure development and grid modernisation. There is no domestic production of critical minerals on the island, with full reliance on imports for key materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements needed for renewable technologies and battery systems. Core challenges include intermittent renewable generation, hurricane risks, and energy storage needs. However, Martinique’s access to European climate finance, strong policy frameworks, and regional cooperation through CARICOM and OECS position the island to advance its energy transition, enhance energy security, and promote sustainable, low-carbon growth within the Caribbean.