The UK nickel supply chain

Future supply and demand for electric vehicles

SFA (Oxford) was commissioned by the UK Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre to help inform the medium-term strategy for the support and development of a battery-grade nickel supply chain in the UK and its position in Europe.

Managing investor expectations, the report responds to the current state of battery materials markets, to the dynamics among industry players and functions of policy to optimise national and regional prospects of battery materials value chains. The findings reflect a need for strategic decision-making, far-reaching policy interventions, partnerships for competitive positioning and enhancing the UK government's role.

SFA addresses key challenges in parallel with existing frameworks that can bolster the role and position of the UK in the global battery supply chain, the competitiveness of the UK nickel industry, promoting sustainability and reducing carbon emissions.

A copy of the report can be read here.

Rare earths market outlook

Supply, demand and long-term pricing

A client commissioned SFA (Oxford) to produce an independent market study on rare earth metals, a critical ingredient in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and many niche technologies, from missile guidance to mobile phones.

SFA completed a deep dive into all types of rare earth magnet applications and key supply sources in and outside of China, covering upstream, midstream and downstream players.

SFA assessed the key rare earth demand drivers, supply trends, recycling, economics, price trends, geopolitics, government policies and subsidies.

Insight into electric vehicle technology

Electric vehicle study, including batteries and lithium supply and demand

A major conglomerate selected SFA (Oxford) to provide an understanding of electric vehicle technology and associated battery developments, as well as an assessment of lithium supply and demand and of the market dynamics influencing long-term supply and demand.

A comparative analysis of the impact of future powertrains on PGMs, cobalt and lithium, with ‘bull’ and ‘bear’ cases for electric vehicle uptake

Influence of future powertrains on critical metals

SFA (Oxford) was commissioned by a major fabricator to undertake a full assessment of the metal powertrains mix for cobalt and lithium in electric vehicles and platinum group metals in internal combustion engine vehicles. The team considered different market scenarios and potential impacts on long-term metal prices based upon detailed supply and demand detailed supply-demand modelling.

Joining the dots on the battery metals

A detailed evaluation and investor’s guide on how EV uptake is developing and how individual supply chains for cobalt, lithium and nickel are evolving

The SFA (Oxford) team produced long-term market outlooks for lithium, nickel and cobalt to 2040 for a major mining company, evaluating the deployment of electric vehicles and future metal demand. The team assimilated the breakdown of electric vehicle chemistries by type and regional variability (NMC for EU, LFP for China etc.), supplied a detailed review of the major battery fabricators and calculated battery metal demand by OEM.

Additional supply chain analysis covered the current market status quo, technology evolution, producer reserves and resources, historical supply and demand, demand segments and uses, value chain economics, major producer metal profiles, regional ESG factors, metal substitution risk, price forecasting, and identifying new investment windows of economic opportunity.

Independent analysis of the lithium hydroxide market out to 2025

The business case for downstream refining of battery-grade lithium hydroxide

SFA (Oxford) presented a detailed current and forecast lithium hydroxide (LiOH) market balance and analytical report to assess the medium-term LiOH market dynamics and pricing to advance the investment case for a new plant on behalf of a lithium producer.

Lithium market intelligence

Security of lithium supply under varying outlooks for electric vehicle penetration

A major car manufacturer commissioned SFA to assess the long-term potential of the lithium market and product prices to assess new upstream investment opportunities.

Indicative valuation of a cobalt deposit in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

An independent articulation of the investment case

A significant mining conglomerate requested SFA to evaluate a cobalt deposit in the DRC and appraise its investment potential. The team assessed the resource potential, mining strategy, processing routes, and developed an NPV model to evaluate the attractiveness of the resource using different market price scenarios and critical project success factors.

The changing nature of the cobalt market and metal prices from the likely effect of automotive and battery technological advances

Cobalt market study out to 2040

A major cathode fabricator commissioned SFA to assess the long-term viability of the cobalt market in response to changing battery technology chemistries and performance factors for batteries in electric vehicles and to understand to 2040 the likely supply, demand and pricing profiles.

Helping to find end-user targets on behalf of a lithium supply chain participant 

Identifying new strategic partners

Working with a lithium supply chain participant, SFA helped management to pinpoint new OEM customers for future commercial success.

Building battery factory databases on behalf of a lithium supplier

Identifying long-term battery production capacity and lithium requirements

A lithium producer approached SFA (Oxford) to build a comprehensive database of battery manufacturers, offtake agreements and MoU’s, product feeds, volumes and development timeframes to assess the pent-up demand requirements of battery makers to address long-term OEM electric vehicle production strategies out to 2030 and beyond, as well as lithium product requirements.

Benchmarking lithium assets relative to the peer group

Cost optimisation and strategic planning

SFA (Oxford) was commissioned to benchmark a lithium producers’ assets across the global peer group to assess its operational competitiveness and evaluate future strategic value chain opportunities.

Developing pitch book documentation for lithium clients for contractual purposes

Keeping lithium players informed for commercial success

SFA (Oxford) has aided lithium producers with industry and regional contextualisation, lithium market outlooks and price forecasts to strengthen supply chain negotiations and enhance market messaging.

Antimony market outlook

Supply, demand and medium-term pricing

SFA (Oxford) produced an independent market study on the medium-term global Antimony market, analysing the supply chain dynamics, material flows, demand by sector and price influences.

SFA profiled key players across mining and processing routes from by-product primary supply feeds and secondary sources.

ESG contextualisation and benchmarking relative to the lithium industry

Identifying ESG outperformance

SFA (Oxford) was tasked to assess the environmental footprints and selected ESG criteria of the lithium peer group to evaluate peer-group outperformance across brine and hard rock lithium producers. Environmental factors such as energy usage, plants emissions, water use and recycling rates were all considered to assist in evaluating competitor decarbonisation and emission strategies.

Long-term market intelligence for nickel, cobalt, lithium

Equilateral thinking

SFA (Oxford) produced long-term forecasts and detailed market analytics for the three primary battery metals, nickel, cobalt and lithium. Independent supply and demand market balances and price forecasts to highlight the changing evolution of battery technologies, market consumption, substitution and recycling threats across the different end-use markets.

Quarterly strategic reviews and outlook for lithium, nickel and cobalt

Regular battery metal market price risk intelligence

Major carmakers, investors and suppliers use the SFA (Oxford) team to track the rapidly evolving nature of government policy, electric vehicle (EV) roll-out plans, the battery industry value chain, and key market players to provide up-to-date risks to metal markets and prices.

Quarterly assessments track changes to the evolution of battery chemistries and cathode developments, commercialisation timing, regional appraisal of battery supply chain forces, battery plant investments, OEM EV and hybrid roll-out successes, risks to new EV products and OEM companies, developments in EV infrastructure, evolving changes in the hydrogen economy and the fuel cell market, latest metal supply chain developments, project supply forecasts, technological breakthroughs, battery-grade metal supply risks, China's dominance on intermediates and battery precursor materials, and a five-year price outlook.

Evaluating nickel assets in Australasia

Unlocking the full potential of nickel assets

SFA (Oxford) assisted a due diligence team in assessing nickel mines and projects across Australasia for strategic investment consideration.

The team critically evaluated the significance of the nickel targets, provided long-term price forecasts for input into financial models, identified potential market premiums, interrogated downstream investment optionality, assessed technical product risks and offtake agreement strategies, and market contextualisation.

Evaluating nickel assets on behalf of a client

Supporting growth strategies in new markets

SFA (Oxford) helped to assess nickel targets across the Americas for acquisition.

The team assessed the targets in context with global peer groups, provided long-term price forecasts for financial models, and evaluated downstream processing optionality and offtake agreements.

Part of a due diligence team evaluating nickel processing plants

Assessing off-take targets for acquisition

The SFA (Oxford) analysts have aided a client to evaluate nickel processing plants across the globe for successful acquisition. To support the due diligence team we contextualised nickel targets, provided product price forecasts and augmented transactional rationale with detailed analysis and risks of changing the product portfolio to serve the battery industry and assessed average realised premiums.

Lithium asset due diligence in North America

Mining and processing technical support and asset benchmarking

SFA (Oxford) was tasked to assist the due diligence team of a potential new lithium mine in North America. Along with a site visit, the team analysed all facets of the company and project including its corporate structure, peer-group benchmarking, reviewing the mine plan, processing plant evaluation and offtake partner assessment.

Lithium investment case on behalf for a major car manufacturer

Investment committee submission: independent report

Submitted a detailed report and lithium product price forecasts to the client to offer an independent evaluation of the impact of electric vehicles, electronics and industrial applications on lithium price projections. The report also provided project incentive pricing for hard rock mines and brine operations, and an appraisal of potential new project supply. 

Nickel and copper due diligence in Eurasia

Evaluation for acquisition

Conducted a three-month on-site due diligence of a major nickel-copper mine cluster and processing complex. 

Broad contextualisation of a Russian miner and its relation to the global mining sector

Corporate appraisal for future investment

A conglomerate approached SFA (Oxford) to provide a high-level geological overview, together with future production capacity, metal sales and key customers. 

SFA offered insights into strategic opportunities and threats, and an assessment of the political and economic landscape. 

Asia-Pacific Rim nickel-cobalt producer’s study

Nickel laterites and HPAL processing assessment

SFA (Oxford) conducted a regional analysis of all Asia-Pacific Rim nickel-cobalt producers from nickel laterite deposits, to identify all regional players, volumes and trading links, as well as focusing on HPAL (high-pressure acid lead) operations and projects, and providing a 5-year price view of the nickel and cobalt markets.

Initial public offering cobalt chapter

Cobalt market overview to support an Asian copper producer

SFA (Oxford) provided an independent chapter of concise market commentary on the global cobalt market, detailing cobalt by-product and primary cobalt supply, demand trends, trading conditions and pricing of the metal.

Battery recycling due diligence

European battery recycling market: Investor due diligence

Working with a team of experienced consultants and advisors, SFA completed a European battery recycling due diligence study on behalf of an investor to assess medium- to long-term market feed lithium-ion battery volumes from gigafactory scrap and end-of-life vehicles. SFA assessed the target company’s value chain CAPEX/OPEX techno-economics, the competitive landscape, market partnerships and opportunities, and operational risks and challenges to support the client’s potential investment in the sector.

Nickel sulphate in the spotlight

Analysing market dynamics amidst evolving automotive battery demands

As demand for nickel from automotive batteries grows, so will demand for nickel sulphate used to produce battery cathodes. SFA has assessed the market shifts currently underway in the nickel industry as it tries to align itself with rapidly shifting demand profiles and the swiftly expanding supply of semi-refined nickel intermediate products from Indonesia. The study encompasses an in-depth evaluation of how both the supply and demand of nickel sulphate are influenced by the influx of Chinese investment in Indonesian nickel processing and BEV penetration in major automotive markets.

This study complements SFA’s battery metals reporting suite and provides a deeper dive into what is now the section of the nickel market most in the spotlight.

Monthly battery metals and materials watching brief

Regular insights into the global electrification drive and battery materials value chains

Commissioned by a major global automotive OEM, SFA’s monthly battery metals watching brief acts as a steer for clients navigating the battery materials supply chain. The newsletter covers the length and breadth of the battery supply chain, compiling news and analysis on notable developments across not only lithium, nickel and cobalt, but also other metals key to fleet electrification. The watching brief supports our client to keep track of the rapidly evolving landscape of battery production and recycling, and the legislative changes impacting gigafactory developments in the US, Europe and elsewhere.