The Energy Transition in Montserrat

Montserrat’s energy transition is shaped by its unique vulnerability as a small island developing state (SIDS), with a reduced population and restricted land use following the long-term impacts of the Soufrière Hills volcanic eruption. The island’s energy mix remains dominated by imported diesel, though renewable energy development, particularly geothermal and solar PV, forms the core of national energy planning. The Montserrat Energy Policy 2016–2030 outlines ambitious targets to achieve 100% renewable electricity generation by 2030, positioning geothermal energy as the cornerstone of this transition. Supported by the UK government and international development partners, the Montserrat Geothermal Project remains under active exploration, aiming to provide reliable baseload power and reduce costly diesel dependence. There is no domestic critical minerals production in Montserrat, and there is a full reliance on imports for materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements required for renewable technologies and storage solutions. Despite significant challenges, including a small market, limited grid capacity, financing constraints, and hurricane exposure, Montserrat’s geothermal potential, supportive policy environment, and external backing position the territory to advance its clean energy transition and strengthen long-term resilience.