The Energy Transition in Eswatini

Eswatini is making strides towards a more sustainable energy future by expanding its clean energy portfolio and focusing on energy diversification. While the country has traditionally relied on hydropower and biomass for electricity generation, Eswatini is increasingly embracing renewable energy solutions to meet growing demand and reduce environmental impact. Hydropower remains a key component of the energy mix, but the country is also exploring opportunities in solar and wind energy. As part of its energy transition, Eswatini is committed to regional energy integration, working closely with Southern African Development Community (SADC) partners to improve energy access and promote cross-border electricity trade. With its focus on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles, Eswatini is positioning itself as a model for sustainable growth and responsible energy use in the Southern African region. Eswatini may have limited critical mineral resources compared to other countries, but it does have essential mineral deposits, including gold, and a strong potential for mineral development. The country also produces energy raw materials like anthracite coal, which plays a role in supporting local energy production. While Eswatini is not a major player in global critical minerals markets, its mineral sector remains important for supporting the regional economy and energy infrastructure. Minerals such as gold, along with key construction materials like sand, gravel, and crushed stone, contribute to the country’s industrial growth.