The Energy Transition in Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda’s energy transition is driven by efforts to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, which currently dominate its energy mix. The government’s National Energy Policy and Sustainable Energy Action Plan promote renewable energy expansion, particularly solar PV and wind power, alongside energy efficiency measures. Notable initiatives include solar farms at V.C. Bird International Airport and government buildings, with ambitions to integrate battery storage and smart grid technologies. There is no known critical minerals production in Antigua and Barbuda, with the country fully reliant on imports for minerals vital to renewable technologies, including lithium, cobalt, and rare earths. Investment in renewable infrastructure has benefited from partnerships with the UAE-Caribbean Renewable Energy Fund and development agencies, while regulatory frameworks are supported by regional bodies such as CARICOM and the OECS. The nation’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) holds theoretical potential for offshore wind and marine energy, though no seabed mineral exploration is underway. Challenges include vulnerability to hurricanes, high capital costs, and limited grid flexibility, while opportunities centre on climate finance, regional cooperation, and resilient, low-carbon energy development. Antigua and Barbuda’s commitment to renewable energy offers a foundation for reducing fossil fuel dependence and building climate resilience. Scaling investment, improving grid flexibility, and deepening regional cooperation will be essential to meeting national energy targets and advancing the energy transition.