Facilitating market development across Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a political, economic, and security alliance established on 15 June 2001, by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. It expanded to include India and Pakistan in 2017, with Iran’s full membership pending. The SCO's primary objectives are security cooperation against terrorism, separatism, and extremism; economic collaboration, including trade and investment; and cultural exchange. Key bodies include the Council of Heads of State, Council of Heads of Government, Council of Foreign Ministers, and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) based in Tashkent. The SCO conducts joint military exercises, promotes infrastructure projects aligned with China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and sponsors cultural programs. It represents significant geopolitical influence in Eurasia, countering Western alliances like NATO and contributing to regional stability and economic integration. However, the SCO faces challenges due to its diverse membership and the complexity of implementing initiatives. Despite these challenges, the SCO is crucial in maintaining stability and fostering regional cooperation. This influence extends to critical minerals supply chains, as member states like China, India, Kazakhstan, and Russia are rich in essential resources such as rare earth elements that are essential for high-tech industries.