Discover some of the critical materials used in batteries

Many critical raw materials are required to produce lithium-ion batteries including lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper, graphite and manganese, steel and iron. The battery casing is made from steel and aluminium. Current collectors comprise of aluminium and copper. Anode material is predominantly carbon. The cathode material comprises an interchanging mix of battery metals depending upon its formulation and may two or more of the following elements including lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminium and iron. The main EV battery cathodes are NMC111, NMC523, NMC622, NMC811, NCA, LFP, LMO and LCO.