The Energy Transition in Brazil

Brazil is a global energy and mineral powerhouse, uniquely positioned to shape the future of clean technology supply chains and low-carbon development. With one of the world’s most diversified energy matrices, anchored in hydropower, biomass, wind, and growing solar capacity, Brazil has already made significant strides toward energy transition goals. Yet it remains a major oil and gas producer, balancing its renewable strengths with ongoing fossil fuel exports, particularly through its offshore pre-salt fields. On the mineral front, Brazil is rich in critical and strategic resources, including lithium, graphite, niobium, rare earth elements, and uranium. It is the world’s top niobium supplier and a key exporter of bauxite, iron ore, and manganese, all essential for global infrastructure, battery systems, and decarbonisation technologies. Brazil also maintains a full civilian nuclear fuel cycle and is actively scaling its role in energy diplomacy through blocs such as BRICS, Mercosur, and the G20. However, environmental and governance challenges, particularly in the Amazon, continue to shape the geopolitical stakes of Brazil’s resource strategy. As global demand for clean energy minerals intensifies, Brazil's ability to align industrial policy with sustainability, Indigenous rights, and international ESG norms will be central to its long-term strategic influence.